http://www.che.com Chemical Engineering en-us 2013 Wed, 19 Jun 2013 7:52:43 EDT Preventing dust explosions is not rocket science, and still these disasters occur. This article is written to help prevent these accidents. It describes how and why these explosions happen and what can be done to avoid them.   Why they occur Dust explosions occur when three conditions are present... http://www.che.com/extras/equations/9901.html Thu, 1 Nov 2012 0:00:00 EDT Contact agitated dryers are used for drying wet powders, slurries, filter cakes, and applications where off-gases during the drying cycle must be contained. If the applications are also heat-sensitive, such as specialty chemicals, polymers, food products and pharmaceuticals, contact drying must take place at... http://www.che.com/extras/equations/9680.html Sat, 1 Sep 2012 0:00:00 EDT Recirculating cooling-water systems are widely used to remove heat from process operations. This article provides guidelines for identifying the optimum temperature of the various inlet and outlet streams, to optimize overall operation... http://www.che.com/extras/equations/9683.html Sat, 1 Sep 2012 0:00:00 EDT There is a temptation that steam design engineers find difficult to resist — to put condensate from high-pressure (HP) steam mains directly into the low-pressure (LP), pumped condensate-return (CR) mains. After all, the CR main is so convenient — it is generally laid right next to the outgoing... http://www.che.com/extras/equations/9551.html Wed, 1 Aug 2012 0:00:00 EDT Fluidized beds are widely used in many chemical process applications to provide better heat and mass transfer between the fluid and the solid, compared to conventional packed- or moving-bed operations. This article summarizes the basic concepts of fluidized-bed technology and provides a useful collection of equations for the design and operation of gas-solids systems.... http://www.che.com/extras/equations/9573.html Wed, 1 Aug 2012 0:00:00 EDT Throughout the chemical process industries (CPI), the need to drain a tank or process vessel arises. In batch-type plants, it is a regular occurrence and is one factor that affects the total cycle time per batch and ultimately the entire production capacity of the plant itself.  Figure 1. In a vertical... http://www.che.com/extras/equations/9398.html Fri, 1 Jun 2012 0:00:00 EDT In the chemical process industries (CPI) it is often necessary to verify material specification at various points in the process. In that effort, it is usually impossible — or at the very least impractical — to measure the whole production. Instead, small samples must be extracted from a parent... http://www.che.com/extras/equations/9183.html Sun, 1 Apr 2012 0:00:00 EDT The objective of this article is to present a stepwise understanding of how to calculate the NTU for a cooling tower, and thus to understand the basis of thermal design of counter-flow cooling towers for optimizing cost and performance.... http://www.che.com/extras/equations/8949.html Wed, 1 Feb 2012 0:00:00 EST Mechanical integrity is an essential consideration in heat exchanger design. The most common threat to this integrity is tube bundle vibration. So, the computer programs used for heat exchanger design incorporate procedures that assess this threat. However, such analysis is generally undertaken after... http://www.che.com/extras/equations/8834.html Sun, 1 Jan 2012 0:00:00 EST In the chemical process industries (CPI) it is relatively common to use a homogeneous two-phase flow model to predict the pressure drop through the shell-side of horizontal heat exchangers that handle two-phase mixtures. Recent experimental studies reported by HTFS [1, 2], however, have shown that this... http://www.che.com/extras/equations/8839.html Sun, 1 Jan 2012 0:00:00 EST