Archives :: Technical & Practical
May 1, 2013
Inline viscosity measurements can give continuous, realtime readings of a fluid’s viscosity during processing and consequently, can provide a means to automate the viscosity control of process fluids. While it is difficult to control all factors in the process that can affect a fluid’s viscosity (such as temperature, air bubbles, shear history, turbulence and so on), if these factors are kept...
http://www.che.com/technical_and_practical/Inline-Viscosity-Measurements_10470.html
May 1, 2013
A variety of technologies, methods and best practices are available to obtain the lowest total cost of ownership for compressors used in plants throughout the chemical process industries (CPI). This article discusses several critical areas in which concerted effort can help to reduce the overall cost of ownership. Specifying compressors The ability to carry out proper shop-based performance...
http://www.che.com/technical_and_practical/Compressors-Pursuing-Lowest-Cost-of-Ownership_10473.html
May 1, 2013
Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are one of the most important and commonly used process equipment items in the chemical process industries (CPI). If you are working on a project during either the basic or the detailed engineering phase, there is a good chance that you will need to specify one or more shell-and-tube exchangers — and perhaps many of them. While the actual design will likely be done...
http://www.che.com/technical_and_practical/Specifying-Shell-and-Tube-Heat-Exchangers_10477.html
April 1, 2013
Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is the active constituent in chlorine bleach, a strong oxidizer and bleaching agent. Increases in household bleach demand are driven mostly by population growth. In turn, population growth and its corresponding increases in water consumption — coupled with limited fresh water resources — makes water treatment the largest application for bleach, as well as the...
http://www.che.com/technical_and_practical/Sodium-Hypochlorite-Chemical-Production_10388.html
April 1, 2013
Sulfur is a major contaminant in the oil and gas industry that exists in various forms and requires separation from both water and process streams. In recent years the removal of sulfur species has received increasing attention because of safety concerns, the need to reduce emissions of sulfur oxides (SOx), and the fact that sulfur harms the combustion properties of fuels. The “sulfur recovery...
http://www.che.com/technical_and_practical/Filtration-and-Separation-In-Sulfur-Recovery_10389.html
March 1, 2013
To realize the best possible thermal efficiency, gas turbines should be integrated into chemical process industries (CPI) plants, but doing so can be difficult and requires special consideration. Specifically, in some CPI units, while the turbine’s shaft is driving an equipment component (such as a compressor), the hot exhaust gas from the gas turbine can be connected to furnace burners or...
http://www.che.com/technical_and_practical/Integrating-Gas-Turbines-Into-CPI-Facilities_10295.html
March 1, 2013
Many chemical process industries (CPI) facilities utilize high-pressure steam generators to produce both electricity and process steam. This technique is commonly known as combined heat and power (CHP). A popular approach in recent years has been to select a combined-cycle power and steam-generation unit to utilize the combination of a combustion turbine and a heat-recovery steam generator (HRSG) for...
http://www.che.com/technical_and_practical/Beware-of-Flow-Accelerated-Corrosion_10296.html
March 1, 2013
One of the most unsettling experiences in a company’s existence may be the surprise regulatory inspection by a representative of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or a State Environmental Agency. What if you refuse to let them in? What are your rights? How can you best ensure that the inspection goes smoothly? This article briefly summarizes the government’s environmental...
http://www.che.com/technical_and_practical/Responding-to-Environmental-Inspections_10297.html
March 1, 2013
Propylene is typically considered a co-product in steam crackers and fluid-catalytic-cracking (FCC) processes, which are primarily driven by ethylene and motor gasoline production, respectively. Recently, most U.S. ethylene producers have shifted to lighter feedstocks due to the availability of low-cost natural gas and natural-gas liquids (NGLs) from shale. This shift drastically decreases propylene...
http://www.che.com/technical_and_practical/Propylene-Production-via-Metathesis_10298.html
March 1, 2013
Changing out used heat-transfer fluid is critical to the efficiency of a heat-transfer fluid system. A well-operated heat-transfer-fluid system can enable efficient production, fewer shut-downs, less maintenance time and lower costs. In order to maintain a sound heat-transfer system, it is critical that the fluid is well cared for and, when the fluid reaches the end of its life, that it is efficiently...
http://www.che.com/technical_and_practical/Five-Steps-to-Replacing-Aged-Heat-Transfer-Fluid_10299.html
March 1, 2013
Piping leakage due to corrosion has the potential to cause catastrophic fires and damage to process equipment in petroleum refining and other chemical process industries (CPI) facilities. When such incidents occur, a large amount of damage and a long downtime results. Despite the risks, mistakes are often repeated in the way burner piping is designed and used. Using the failure-analysis investigation of a...
http://www.che.com/technical_and_practical/Corrosion-in-Flexible-Burner-Hoses_10300.html
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