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Archives :: Processing & Handling :: Separation (Liquid-Liquid & Gas-Liquid)

Displaying 141 - 160 of 262 stories.
December 1, 2010
Did somebody say pilot plant?
During the first three days of last month’s AIChE Annual Meeting (November 7–12; Salt Lake City, Utah), like many attendees, I hopped from session to session listening to those papers that were of the most interest to me. Generally, I attended the energy, environmental and separation sessions. I saw many graphs, tables, process flow diagrams and conclusions. I am guessing that almost half of...
http://www.che.com/processing_and_handling/sep_liquid_liquid_and_gas_liquid/Did-somebody-say-pilot-plant_6193.html
November 1, 2010
Hazards of column entry
In obtaining a degree or even a professional license in chemical engineering, there is little, if any, mention of facial hair. Nevertheless, that aspect of my appearance was surprisingly pivotal at one particular moment in my career. At that time, I had zero facial hair — no moustache, no beard, and no long sideburns — and I was a liquid-liquid extraction expert. It was therefore obvious to...
http://www.che.com/processing_and_handling/sep_liquid_liquid_and_gas_liquid/liquid_liquid_extraction/Hazards-of-column-entry_6116.html
October 1, 2010
MSMPR Crystallization equipment
Crystallization is a key purification technique for various sectors of the chemical process industries (CPI). Several approaches for industrial crystallization have evolved over time and highly specialized crystallizer designs have been developed, especially in long-established industries. Solution crystallization is an important unit operation because the process can generate high-purity products from...
http://www.che.com/processing_and_handling/sep_liquid_liquid_and_gas_liquid/crystalization/MSMPR-Crystallization-equipment_6029.html
October 1, 2010
Zarko’s challenge
Every distillation engineer west of the River Neretva is familiar with the work of Professor Zarko Olujic. His distillation laboratory at the Technical University of Delft (The Netherlands; www.tudelft.nl) is one of the largest and best facilities in the history of distillation. His work is typically funded by a consortium of companies that, most recently, included Bayer, BASF, Evonik, DSM, Montz...
http://www.che.com/processing_and_handling/sep_liquid_liquid_and_gas_liquid/distillation/Zarkos-challenge_6030.html
September 1, 2010
Controlling Membrane Fouling
The deposition and accumulation of suspended and dissolved particles on membrane surfaces leads to performance loss. Fouling can dramatically reduce the efficiency and economic benefits of a membrane process. The type of fouling and how strongly it appears depends on several parameters, including the following: • Nature of solutes and solvents • Membrane process • Pore-size distribution...
http://www.che.com/processing_and_handling/sep_liquid_liquid_and_gas_liquid/Controlling-Membrane-Fouling_5950.html
September 1, 2010
Fractionation Column: Pushing capacity limits
Starting around 1970, many new contacting devices became available for use in distillation, absorption and stripping columns. Those devices included high-performance random packings, structured packings, high-capacity structured packings, augmented crossflow trays, counterflow trays and cocurrent flow trays. At the request of FRI’s membership, many of those devices were tested in FRI’s 4-ft and...
http://www.che.com/processing_and_handling/sep_liquid_liquid_and_gas_liquid/Fractionation-Column-Pushing-capacity-limits_5951.html
August 1, 2010
Successful revamps
My first distillation dream occurred about 30 years ago, and yet, I recall it as vividly as if it were yesterday. In it, my distillation-column design work started with a vapor-liquid thermodynamic model that was widely regarded as perfect. I had operating data from ten similar columns. The feed composition was precisely known, and there were no alternative feedstocks. The overhead specification was easy...
http://www.che.com/processing_and_handling/sep_liquid_liquid_and_gas_liquid/Successful-revamps_5889.html
August 1, 2010
Nanopores improving sterile filtration
Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials (IWM; Halle, Germany; www.fraunhofer.de) have developed ceramic membranes with uniform pore structure and tight pore-size distribution, which makes them more stable and delivers considerably higher...
http://www.che.com/processing_and_handling/sep_liquid_liquid_and_gas_liquid/filtration/Nanopores-improving-sterile-filtration_5879.html
July 1, 2010
Seeking out difficult situations
In 1952, 37 companies established Fractionation Research, Inc. (FRI). Most of those original members are now gone or absorbed by other companies. Nevertheless, their goal was to study distillation in columns having diameters and heights that were similar to industrial columns. The columns of the world were getting larger and more numerous and were too often being designed using bench-top apparatuses and...
http://www.che.com/processing_and_handling/sep_liquid_liquid_and_gas_liquid/distillation/Seeking-out-difficult-situations_5800.html
June 1, 2010
Distillation Tray Design
In a distillation column tray, vapor passes upward through liquid that is flowing across a horizontal perforated plate. Vapor passing through the perforated plate forms a two-phase mixture with the liquid and enables mass transfer contacting. This mixture is typically quite turbulent. Tray design must allow the turbulent liquid to fall away from the rising vapor in the space above the tray, while also...
http://www.che.com/processing_and_handling/sep_liquid_liquid_and_gas_liquid/distillation/Distillation-Tray-Design_5719.html
June 1, 2010
Propelling distillation research
I have 70 supervisors. It sometimes feels like I am pulled in 70 different directions — north, south, east, west, up, down and inside-out. But even after two years at this job, I can still hold my hand steady — if I put it in a vice. Nevertheless, I feel that I have the best job in the distillation world; I am technical director at Fractionation Research, Inc. (FRI; Stillwater, Okla....
http://www.che.com/processing_and_handling/sep_liquid_liquid_and_gas_liquid/distillation/Propelling-distillation-research_5720.html
May 1, 2010
Recognizing a distillation icon
On March 24, at the American Institute of Chemical Engineers’ (AIChE; New York; http://www.aiche.org) Spring Meeting in San Antonio, Tex., the Separations Division honored the myriad contributions of Dr. Karl T. Chuang. Given the scope and impact of his contributions, we are likewise proud to recognize him here. “Very few chemical engineers have spent as much time at as many chemical...
http://www.che.com/processing_and_handling/sep_liquid_liquid_and_gas_liquid/distillation/Recognizing-a-distillation-icon_5616.html
May 1, 2010
Distillation-tray downcomer design improves mass transfer efficiency
A new approach to the design of the downcomer portion of distillation column trays — presented at the recent American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) Spring 2010 meeting (San Antonio, Tex.; March 21–25) — promotes a uniform fluid flow pattern, which improves mass transfer efficiency. The Downcomer Distributor was developed through a joint research program between AMT International...
http://www.che.com/processing_and_handling/sep_liquid_liquid_and_gas_liquid/distillation/Distillation-tray-downcomer-design-improves-mass-transfer-efficiency_5627.html
April 1, 2010
Polysilicon Production
A rapid and ongoing expansion of polysilicon production capacity will likely generate an oversupply for the next several years, driving polysilicon manufacturers to further innovate processes and reduce operating costs in preparation for an impending wave of new demand. Drastic price drops experienced in 2009 are expected to continue at a slower pace in 2010, yet polysilicon producers remain poised to...
http://www.che.com/processing_and_handling/sep_liquid_liquid_and_gas_liquid/crystalization/Polysilicon-Production_5559.html
April 1, 2010
Kettle troubleshooting: Discussions with the author
I read with great interest your article, Kettle Troubleshooting (February, pp. 26–33). The authors are to be congratulated on a very in-depth and timely presentation on the effects of boiling two-phase flow in kettle type reboilers. For over 45 years, I have been engaged in the refrigeration industry where refrigeration engineers are often challenged in designing evaporators to avoid liquid...
http://www.che.com/processing_and_handling/sep_liquid_liquid_and_gas_liquid/distillation/Kettle-troubleshooting-Discussions-with-the-author_5557.html
February 1, 2010
Supercritical CO2: A Green Solvent
Many reactions, extractions, separations and other operations in the chemical process industries (CPI) involve the use of organic solvents. In addition to handling and disposal issues, organic solvents can pose a number of environmental concerns, such as atmospheric and land toxicity. In many cases, conventional organic solvents are regulated as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In addition, certain...
http://www.che.com/processing_and_handling/sep_liquid_liquid_and_gas_liquid/Supercritical-CO2-A-Green-Solvent_5449.html
February 1, 2010
Kettle Troubleshooting
A survey of tower failures [ 1 ] ranks kettle reboilers as the most troublesome reboiler type in the chemical process industries (CPI). Excessive pressure drop in kettle reboiler circuits is the prominent kettle malfunction, causing liquid to back up in the tower base beyond the reboiler return elevation. This high liquid level leads to premature flooding and capacity loss. In almost all the surveyed...
http://www.che.com/processing_and_handling/sep_liquid_liquid_and_gas_liquid/Kettle-Troubleshooting_5453.html
February 1, 2010
Oxygen separation membranes made in China
Researchers from the Center for Membrane Technology, Beijing University of Technology (China; www.bjut.edu.cn) have developed a new spiral-wound membrane module for use in oxygen-enriched combustion. A pilot-scale system with five membrane modules has been built and tested in a 4-ton, oil-fired boiler. According to the Center’s director, professor Shulan Ji, the fuel required to generate one 1 GJ...
http://www.che.com/processing_and_handling/sep_liquid_liquid_and_gas_liquid/membranes/Oxygen-separation-membranes-made-in-China_5441.html
October 6, 2009
VDMA publishes Specification 24655: Membrane plants — Prevention and reduction of scaling and fouling
The special group "Water and Wastewater Technology" of the German Process Plant and Equipment Association (VDMA; Frankfurt, Germany; www.vdma.org) has released a new VDMA Specification on prevention and reduction of scaling and fouling in membrane plants. The objective of this VDMA Specification is to help to ensure that measures are taken to prevent and reduce scaling and fouling when planning...
http://www.che.com/processing_and_handling/sep_liquid_liquid_and_gas_liquid/membranes/VDMA-publishes-Specification-24655-Membrane-plants-Prevention-and-reduction-of-scaling-and-fouling_5171.html
October 1, 2009
Estimating the Total Cost of Cartridge and Bag Filtration
Bag filters for industrial applications have been in existence longer and are considered by some to be easier and simpler to specify than cartridges for a filtration project. And although cartridge filtration is now one of the mostly widely used filtration technologies in the chemical process industries (CPI), it is not always the first choice. How does one decide which filtration method should be used...
http://www.che.com/processing_and_handling/sep_liquid_liquid_and_gas_liquid/filtration/Estimating-the-Total-Cost-of-Cartridge-and-Bag-Filtration_5161.html
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